Discuss different Communication Theories

Different Communication Theories

The balance and imbalance between the benefits of the press and the limits of freedom of expression has been increasing and deteriorating in every era. One cannot live without being influenced by the nature of human society and the state and the status, role and rights of the individual as opposed to the state in society. From the earliest form of the state to the present day, no matter what the problem, it is a conflict between the rulers and the people. It would not be wrong to say that every country and society controls its media according to its policies and needs. That is why different periods of different media have developed in different periods and perished societies. Experts and intellectuals have come up with a number of theories, but theories are based on the media's rules and regulations about what the media should and should not do to fulfill their professional duties in accordance with social values. They are called Normative Theory.

In his book, Four Theories of the Presses, Spirits, Patterson, and Sharari (1956) divide public journalism into four parts. The following is a list of his views on authoritarianism:

• Authoritarian Theory
• Libertarian Theory
• Social Responsibility Theory
• Communicative Theory of the Press

The following is a description of these four theories.

Authoritarian Theory

Authoritarianism was born in the authoritarian atmosphere in the last period of the Second Resurrection and in the seventeenth century, women in different societies reached. The first name among the founders of this theory is Plato. Among the intellectual proponents of this theory are Plato, Dale, Hobbes, Hegel and Treitscke.

According to Plato, if the power in the state is divided among many people, then the state begins to decline, so the ruler should limit the involvement of the people in the management of the state. According to this view, in addition to the limits of freedom in the state, the state should have several powers to determine the status of the individual.

The notion of rule that some people are born superior played a major role in promoting this ideology. Therefore, power remains in the hands of only a few special people and they ruled from generation to generation. According to the ideology, only those who died, status, power, wealth and family pride could be entitled to power. The clergy, on the other hand, sought to justify their authority by saying that since they were very good and pious people and had been sent by God, it was their right to rule over the people.

Later, the dictators and clergy of the dictatorship obtained credentials from the intellectuals and philosophers of the time to record it in the form of a formal philosophy. Thus, this ideology was preserved as a political philosophy for future generations. The rulers who embraced this political philosophy included the Tudor kings from England, as well as Heps and Burg. The Tudors made this idea into an institution in England and Peswberg in Spain. This theory has been used in Germany, Russia, Japan and other Asian and Latin American countries for different periods of time, intentionally or unintentionally.

Authoritarian dictators and rulers everywhere found this view appropriate and appropriate in support of their undemocratic policies.

Media system in the ruling state

Ownership: In this system, the ownership of the media is both public and private. ۔

Control: In this system, all means of communication are controlled in such a way that they cannot play any role in the pursuit of national and democratic goals. Publishing at various levels is limited by Perl Advice Licenses, Verification, National Censorship and Systematization. In this system, control is indirectly in the hands of the government.

Media policies are formulated by the state itself.

The purpose of the mass media is to promote the policy of the government and to achieve the goals of those in power.

Libertarian Theory

            Absolutism is a long journey from vision or communication to liberal communication. Somewhere in the late eighteenth century, the idea of ​​totalitarianism made it possible to achieve freedom and salvation. The factors that drive the spread of the liberal ideology of communication include scientific and geographical discoveries, the awakening of human consciousness, the rise of the middle class, the anti-reform movement, the anti-church rhetoric and the Enlightenment. Prosperity was achieved and as a result of short analysis of cosmic issues, public awareness was created. The Reform Movement successfully established the authority of the Church in religious and political affairs and undermined the idea of ​​authoritarianism in worldly affairs.

            Descartes, Locke, Heeran and other thinkers provided the intellectual basis for this theory. He clearly attacked the ideology of absolutism.

            Liberal vision or garden concept was based on John Locke's theory that the source of power in the state is the people. The powers that the government enjoys are given to the people. The people can take back these powers from the government whenever they want. ۔

            According to liberal thinkers, man is rational, he is important to end the world and make his own decisions. According to this theory, neither the society nor the state has any superiority over the poor. This is why the individual is considered to be the dominant force in the society and the state and the happiness of the individual, his welfare and the fulfillment of his goals should be considered as the essential anal of human society and the state.

            The greatest achievement of the liberal concepts was that they gave a great impetus to the mass media, emphasizing its importance in the new ideas of communication. The theoretical logic and practice of free communication is Penny. Everyone has the right to test every piece of information on their logic and principles. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. According to these concepts, religious freedom is an inalienable right of the individual. In this regard, Milton introduced the concepts of an open market and a process of exchange of ideas. In which the offer of freedom of the eighth ideology in the society is their important comparison and position and the atmosphere of their independent guardianship or non-acceptance was created according to the concept of self-exaltation process and the solid reality was maintained. He said that freedom is given by nature and every individual should have the freedom to think and act as long as it does not harm the other person. Jeter Sun stood up for the establishment of such a government. Provide opportunities and minimize interference in police affairs. Under the liberal ideology, the main functions of the mass media were to provide information and to provide hatred. Sales and promotional benefits were also included. The purpose of which was to make the fairies work economically. Needless to say, under the liberal ideology, the control of Perlis Hashim is completely detached from the complete independence of the police. Satisfaction spreads, so the state or government is involved in the process of communicating with the names of many of its institutions, such as mail, wire and television. In addition, the system of voluntary censorship was introduced in the midst of fish wars, which banned information that could be useful to the enemy, as well as some moral restrictions on the ideology. No print that insults anyone. No statement should be published about Arabism.

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